影响结构裂缝的主要因素有：温差或收缩、线膨胀系数、弹性模量、板厚或墙高、地基对结构的约束程度、结构长度、材质组成和物理力学性质，以及施工工艺和环境影响等。太阳2表示大约80%的建筑工程裂缝是由上述因素引起的。
一、材料不合格引起的裂缝
（YI）SHUINIBUHEGEHUOSHUINIPINZHONGSHIYONGBUDANGYINQIDELIEFENG
1．YUANYINFENXI：
（1）SHIYONGANDINGXINGBUHEGEDESHUINI，ZAISHUINISHUIHUAHOUNINGJIEYINGHUAGUOCHENGZHONG，ZAIYOUHAIWUZHIZUOYONGXIA，CHANSHENGLEJULIEDEBUJUNYUNDETIJIBIANHUA，ZAIGOUJIANNEIBUHUICHANSHENGPOHUAIYINGLI，DAOZHIHUNNINGTUQIANGDUXIAJIANG、KAILIE；
（2）BUTONGPINZHONG、BUTONGBIAOHAODESHUINI，QIXINGNENGWANQUANBUTONG，SHUIHUAHOUCHUNINGHEZHONGNINGDESHIJIANBUTONG，SHOUSUOLVYEBUTONG，ZAOCHENGKAILIE；
（3）SHIGONGRENYUANBUWANQUANLEJIESHUINIDEXINGZHIHUOBUQINGCHUGONGCHENGDEXINGZHI，LANYONGSHUINI，YOUMEIYOUCAIQUXIANGYINGDEJISHUCUOSHI，YINERZAOCHENGPOHUAISHIGUHUOCHANSHENGLIEFENG。
2．FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）TONGQIANGDUDENGJIDIYUSHEJIYAOQIU，LIEFENGKUANDUDAYU0.3 mmSHI，XUFANGONGCHULI；
（2）JINGJIANCHA，GOUJIANDEHUNNINGTUQIANGDUDENGJIYIDADAOSHEJIYAOQIU，QIELIEFENGKUANDUXIAOYU0.3 mmSHI，KECAIYONGHUAXUEZHUJIANGDENGFANGFADUILIEFENGJINXINGFENGBICHULI。
（ER）SHA、SHIJILIAOZHONGHANNILIANGCHAOBIAO，XISHAHUOWAIJIAJIXUANYONGBUDANGZAOCHENGGOUJIANLIEFENG
1．YUANYINFENXI：
（1）CAIYONGLIEZHICHANPIN，CHANRUHOUMEIYOUQIDAOYINGYOUDEZUOYONG，ZHIJIEYINGXIANGGOUJIANDEZHILIANG，ZAOCHENGHUNNINGTUDEQIANGDUXIAJIANG，CHUXIANLIEFENG；
（2）GULIAODEHANNILIANGKONGZHIBUYAN，GULIAOBIAOMIANFUZHEDENIANTU、HUICHENHEYOUJIZAZHI，YINGXIANGLESHUINIDENIANJIE，SHINIJIANGFUZAIGOUJIANBIAOCENG，DANGHUNNINGTUGOUJIANYINGHUAHOUBIANCHANSHENGWANGZHUANGGANSUOLIEFENG；
（3）PEIBIBUZHUNQUE，ZAOCHENGWAIJIAJIDECHANLIANGGUODA，SHIHUNNINGTUBANHEWUBUNENGYINGHUA，ZAOCHENGHUNNINGTUGOUJIANPOHUAI。
2．FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）JINGJIANCEGOUJIANHUNNINGTUQIANGDUDENGJIDIYUSHEJIYAOQIUSHI，BIXUHUITONGYOUGUANBUMENYANJIUJIAGUCHULIFANGAN；
（2）ZAOCHENGGOUJIANDELIEFENGSHI，YINGXIANJIANCEGOUJIANHUNNINGTUDEQIANGDU。RUNENGMANZUSHEJIYAOQIU，KEGENJULIEFENGSHIJIDEKUANDU、ZHANGDU、WEIZHIDENG，KECAIYONGHUAXUEZHUJIANGDENGFANGFADUILIEFENGJINXINGFENGBICHULI，HUIFUYUANYOUGONGNENGHEFANGZHIGANGJINXIUSHI。
二、模板系统造成混凝土构件裂缝
（YI）MOBANZHIJIABUGUIFANCHANSHENGDELIEFENG
1、YUANYINFENXI：
（1）MOBANZHISHEQIAN，MEIYOUGENJUGONGCHENGJIEGOUXINGSHIHESHANGBUHEZAIDEDAXIAO，JISUANQUEDINGZHIJIADEYONGCAIGUIGEHEJIANJUDAXIAO，MANGMUGUJIQUEDING，ZAOCHENGSHIGONGSHICHENGZAILI、GANGDUBUZUDEBIANXING，ZHISHIXINJIAOHUNNINGTULIEFENG（RUTU1、TU2），YANZHONGDEHAIHUIFASHENGTANTASHIGU；
（2）SHIGONGGUANLIBUDANG。ZHILIDICENGMOBANZHIQIANMEIYOUXIANHANGSHIJITUHEPUSHEDIANCENG，ZEJITUDABUDAOCHILICENGDEBIAOZHUN；HUOTUZHIGANYING，ZAIHUNNINGTUJIAOZHUGUOCHENGZHONG，JITUBEIJIAOSHUI、SHENSHUILINSHIHOURUANHUA，ZAISHANGBUHEZAIDEYALIXIAZHIJIACHENJIANGBIANXING，ZAOCHENGTONGGOUJIANCHANSHENGLIEFENG。
2．FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）JIANCHABIANXINGGOUJIANDESHIJIQINGKUANG，RULIANG、BANJUBUWANQUBIANXINGZUIDAZHIXIAOYU20mmSHI，KEBUZUOCHULI，JINXUZAIMOHUISHIJIUZHENGWAIGUANJIKE；
（2）JIANCHAGOUJIANSHANGBULIEFENGDEKUANDU，JISHICAIYONGGUANJIANGMOYAMISHI，BINGJIAQIANGSHIYANGHU。
（ER）MOBANZHIJIALIZAILOUBANSHANGZAOCHENGDELIEFENG
1、YUANYINFENXI：
（1）DUOCENGFANGWUSHIGONGSHI，SHANGCENGMOBANDELIZHUZHIZAIXIACENGXINJIAOZHUDEGANGJINHUNNINGTULOUBANSHANG，ZAOCHENGLOUBANBIANXINGHELIEFENG。LIEFENGDEKUANDUZAILOUBANDEDIKUAN、SHANGZHAI；LIEFENGSHIKUAZHONGDUO、SIBIANSHAO；
（2）RUOXIACENGXINJIAOZHUGANGJINTONGLOUBANDEDIMOHEZHICHENGYICHAICHU，ZAISHANGCENGMOBAN、ZHIJIAHEJIAOZHUHUNNINGTUDESHIGONGHEZAIDAYULOUBANDEWANQUKANGYAQIANGDUSHI，HUICHANSHENGBIANXINGHELIEFENG；
（3）YOUDEGONGCHENGSHIGONGSUDUJIAOKUAI，XIACENGXINJIAOHUNNINGTULOUBANDEHUNNINGTUQIANGDUHAIWEIDADAOSHEJIZHI，YINSHANGXIACENGMOBANDEZHICHENGLIZHUMEIYOUDUIZHUN，ZAISHANGBUJIZHONGHEZAIDEZUOYONGXIA，SHILOUBANJUBUCHANSHENGBIANXINGHELIEFENG。
2、FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）JIANCHALOUBANLIEFENGCHU，LIJIJIASHEZHICHENGJINXINGJIAGU，YIFANGZHILOUBANJIXUBIANXINGHELIEFENGDEKUODA；
（2）JIANCHALIEFENGKUANDU，DANGLIEFENGKUANDUXIAOYU0.2mm，WANQUBIANXINGXIAOYUKUADUZHANGDE1/1000SHI，KECAIYONGGUANJIANGFENGBI，HUIFUYUANYOUGONGNENGHEFANGZHIGANGJINXIUSHI；
（3）DANGLIEFENGKUANDUDAYU0.3mmSHI，XUJIAQIANGGUANCE，QINGXIANGGUANRENYUANYANJIUJIAGUFANGAN。
（SAN）ZAOCHAIDIMOYUZHIJIAZAOCHENGDEGOUJIANLIEFENG
1．YUANYINFENXI：
（1）TIQIANCHAICHUCHENGZHONGLIANG、BANDIMO，ZAOCHENGGOUJIANCHENGZAILIBUZUERBIANXINGHELIEFENG；
（2）TIQIANCHAICHUXUANTIAOLIANG、XUANTIAOBANDIMO，ZAOCHENGTONGGOUJIANQINGFU、DUANLIEHELIEFENG；
（3）RUOXUANTIAOGOUJIANMAOGUDUANSHANGBUSHANGMEIYOUKANGQINGFUDEZHUANQITIHUOHEZAISHI，CHAICHUDIMOYUZHIJIASHI，HUIZAOCHENGXUANTIAOGOUJIANQINGFUSHIGU；
（4）DONGJISHIGONGQIWENJIAODISHI，RUOSHIYONGDESHUINIPINZHONGBUDANG，RUCAIYONGKUANGZHAGUISUANYANSHUINIHUOHUOSHANHUIGUISUANYANSHUINIPEIZHIHUNNINGTU，ZEGAIHUNNINGTUQIANGDUZENGZHANGHUANMAN；DANGONGDIRENGANZHAOCHANGGUISHIJIANCHAICHUDIMOYUZHIJIA，ZAOCHENGGOUJIANQIANGDUBUZUERCHANSHENGBIANXING、LIEFENG。YANZHONGSHI，HAIHUICHANSHENGDUANLIEHUOTANTASHIGU。
2．FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）JIANCHALIEFENGKUANDU，DANGLIEFENGKUANDUXIAOYU0.2mm，WANQUBIANXINGXIAOYUKUADUZHANGDE1/1000SHI，CAIYONGGUANJIANGFENGBI；
（2）DANGLIEFENGKUANDUDAYU0.3mmSHI，XUJIAQIANGGUANCE，JISHIQINGXIANGGUANRENYUANYANJIUJIAGUCHULIFANGAN。
三、钢筋施工不规范造成的构件裂缝
（YI）XUANTIAOGOUJIANDEGANGJINFANGCUOHEXIACHENCHANSHENGDELIEFENGHEDUANLIE（RUTU3、TU4）
1．YUANYINFENXI：
（1）XUANTIAOGOUJIANZAIQIANGUZHIZUOCHUSHISHOUFUWANJU（SHANGBUSHOULA，XIABUSHOUYA），YUJIANZHILIANGJIEGOUDESHOULIQINGKUANGGANGHAOXIANGFAN。XUANTIAOJIEGOUDESHOULIGANGJINYINGZAISHANGBU，RUGUOCUOJIANGSHOULIZHUJINDAOFANG，BIJIANGZAOCHENGSHIGU；
（2）CAOZUOBUGUIFAN，RUXUANTIAOLIANGHEBANDEHUNNINGTUJIAOZHUSHI，BUDASHECAOZUOPINGTAIBAN，ERSHICAITAZAIGANGJINMIANSHANG，CHANGBATIAOLIANGSHANGBUDEZHUJINCAITAXIACHEN，CONGERZAOCHENGLIEFENGHUODUANLIE；
（3）SHIGONGDANWEIDUIXUANTIAOJIEGOUZHONGSHIBUGOU，NONGCUOZHUJINZHIJINGHUOFANGFANZHUJIN，HUOSHOULIXIACHENWEIYIZHIDA，XUERUOLEXUANTIAOJIEGOUDECHENGZAINENGLI，HUOHUNNINGTUQIANGDUDENGJIDIYUSHEJIYAOQIU，GUOZAOCHAIMO，ZHISHIXUANTIAOGOUJIANYANQIANGUDUANGENBULIEFENGHEDUANZHE。
2．FANGZHICUOSHI：
JIANCHAYIJINGLIEFENGDEXUANTIAOLIANGZHONGDEGANGJINZHIJING、JIBIE、SHULIANG，RUOZHIJING、SHULIANG、WEIZHIYUSHEJIBUFUSHI，BIXUJISHIFANGONG，GENGHUANHEGEDEGANGJIN。
（ER）XIANJIAOLOUBANDEFUWANJUPEIJINBUGUIFANCHANSHENGDELIEFENG
1．YUANYINFENXI：
（1）XIANJIAOLOUBANDEFUWANJUGANGJINHUOFUJIAGOUZAOJINLOUFANG、CAITA、XIACHENDENG，DAOZHIBANYANFUWANJUQUYINGLIJIAODACHUCHANSHENGLIEFENG；
（2）XUANTIAOBANDEZHUANJIAOFUJIAJINLOUFANGHUOSHAOFANG，ZAOCHENGBANJIAOCHUDEXIELIEFENG；
（3）SHIGONGQIANJIAODIBUQING，DUIBANDEFUWANJUPEIJINHUOFUJIAGOUZAOJINSHEZHIBUZHONGSHI，MEIYOUCAIQUYOUXIAODEJISHUCUOSHIYIQUEBAOGANGJINDEJIAKONGWEIZHI。
2．FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）DUIYIJINGJIAOZHUHAODEHUNNINGTULOUBAN，RUYOULIEFENG，FENGKUANDAYU0.3 mmSHI，XUHUITONGXIANGGUANRENYUANCHAMINGYUANYIN，CAIQUJIAGUCUOSHI；
（2）RUOFUWANJUPEIJINSHAOFANGHUOXIACHEN，YINGCAIQUJIAGUBUQIANGCUOSHI。
四、混凝土裂缝
（YI）HUNNINGTUDESUXINGGANSUOLIEFENG
GANSUOLIEFENG：DANGJIAOZHUDEHUNNINGTUSHANGCHUYUSUXINGZHUANGTAISHI，YOUYUYANREDUOFENGSHISHUIFENZHENGFAGUOKUAI，MISHUILVXIAOYUBIAOMIANZHENGFALV，YINQIGOUJIANBIAOMIANSHISHUIGUODUOERKAILIE。LIEFENGZONGHENGJIAOCUO，MEIYOUGUILVXING，DUOYANBANDUANXIANGFENBU。LIEFENGSUIZHESHIJIANDEYANZHANGXIANGHUNNINGTUNEIBUFAZHAN；LIEFENGDUANDUANXUXU，SILIANFEILIAN，YOUSHICHENGGUIBANZHUANG，ZHEIZHONGLIEFENGYIBANCUERDUAN，LIEFENGDAOGANGJINWEIZHI。
1、YUANYINFENXI：
（1）SHIYONGSHOUSUOLVJIAODADESHUINI；HUOSHUINIYONGLIANGDUO，YONGSHUILIANGDA，XIANCHANGSIZIJIASHUIHUOYINWAIJIAJIYINGXIANG，RULVHUAGAIDENGCHANGHUIJIADAHUNNINGTUDEGANSUOZHI；
（2）TI、BIAOBIZHIXIAODEGOUJIAN，HUNNINGTUZHONGDESHUIFENRONGYIZHENGFA，GOUJIANRONGYIGANSUO；
（3）DUIXINJIAOZHUHUNNINGTUDEZHEGAI、DANGFENGHESHIYANGHUBUJISHI。DANGFENGSUCONGWUFENGDAOLIUJIDAFENG，HUNNINGTUZHONGDESHUIFENZHENGFALIANGZENGDA3BEI，KONGQIZHONGDESHIDUYOU90%XIAJIANGDAO50%，SHUIFENZHENGFASUDUZENGJIA5BEI；HUANJINGQIWENYOU10℃SHENGGAODAO20℃，SHUIFENZHENGFALIANGZENGDA1BEI；
（4）GAOWEN、GANZAO、DAFENGDENGSHIHUNNINGTUSHISHUIGUOKUAI，SHISHUISUDUDAYUHUNNINGTUMISHUISUDU。SUXINGHUNNINGTUZAIBIAOMIANSHOUSUOHENEIBUYUESHUZUOYONGXIA，BORUODEYINGJIEBIAOMIANJIUHUICHANSHENGLAYINGLI，ZAOCHENGZHANGDUBUDENGDELIEFENG。
2、FANGZHICUOSHI：
YONGGANGSIBANSHUAHUOPINGMIANSHALUNJIMOCHUSHUINIJIEMOHEJINXINGMAOHUACHULI，SAOCHUCHONGXIGANJING，LIANGGAN。YONGJUHEWUSHAJIANG”XIUFUZHAOPINGJIKE。
（ER）DATIJIHUNNINGTUDEWENCHALIEFENG
DATIJIHUNNINGTU：JIEGOUDUANMIANZUIXIAOCHICUNZAI800mmYISHANG，TONGSHISHUIHUAREYINQIDEHUNNINGTUNEIZUIGAOWENDUYUHUANJINGQIWENZHICHAYUJICHAOGUO25℃DEHUNNINGTUGOUJIAN。DATIJIHUNNINGTUGOUJIAN，ZAIYINGHUAQIJIAN，SHUINIDESHUIHUAREJIAOGAO，JIASHANGGOUJIANHOUDUDA，NEIBUWENDUBUYISANFA，GOUJIANWAIBIAOSUIZIRANQIWENXIAJIANG，NEIWAIWENCHADAYU25℃SHI，ZEWAIBIAOCHANSHENGLENGSUOYINGLI，DANGYINGLIDAYUDANGSHIHUNNINGTUDEKANGLAQIANGDUSHI，CHANGCHANSHENGPOHUAIXINGJIAODADEGUANCHUANGOUJIANDELIEFENGHUOSHENQIANBUDENGDELIEFENG。
1、YUANYINFENXI：
（1）HUNNINGTULIUDONGXINGDA、TANLUODUDA，YONGSHUILIANGDA、SHUINIYONGLIANGDUO、SHALVDA，YINERSHUINIDESHUIHUAREDA。JIAOZHUSUDUKUAI，SHIDATIJIHUNNINGTUNEIWAIWENCHADA，BIAOMIANSANREKUAI，SHOUSUODA，YINERCHANSHENGLIEFENG；
（2）DATIJIHUNNINGTUZHONGSHUINISHIYONGBUDANG，DANGSHUINIZHONGDEGUISUANSANGAI（Ca3Si）DEHANLIANGGAODA5.5%SHI，ZEMEIQIANKESHUINIDEFARELIANGSHI377kJ，BITONGBIAOHAOKUANGZHASHUINIDEFARELIANGDA42 kJ，ZEGOUJIANZHONGDEWENDUCHABIYAOQIUDA11%ZUOYOU，GENGRONGYICHANSHENGWENCHALIEFENG；
（3）WEILEMANZUHUNNINGTUSHEJIQIANGDUDEYAOQIU，CHANGCHANGZAIPEIHEBIZHONGJIADASHUINIYONGLIANG，TIGAOSHUINIBIAOHAO，LIANGZHEDOUHUIYINQIGAOSHUIHUARE。ZAISHIGONGHUANJINGWENDUXIAJIANGSHI，YOUMEIYOUCAIQUYOUXIAODEJISHUCUOSHI，YINERCHANSHENGLIEFENG。
2、FANGZHICUOSHI：
（1）DATIJIHUNNINGTUWENDUDEKONGZHIZHIBIAOBUYIDAYUXIALIESHUZHI：
①DATIJIHUNNINGTUDEJIAOZHURUMOWENDUKONGZHIZAI28℃YINEI。XIAJIGAOWENSHIGONGSHI，YINGCAIQUJIANGWENCUOSHI，KONGZHIHUNNINGTUWENDUBUCHAOGUO28℃；
②DATIJIHUNNINGTUDEJIAOZHURUMOHOUZUIDAWENSHENGZHIWEI35℃。BIYAOSHIKECAIYONGRENGONGDAOREFAZAIHUNNINGTUZHONGMAIRULENGQUESHUIGUAN，YONGXUNHUANSHUIJIANGDIHUNNINGTUNEIBUWENDU；
③TONGJIAOZHUGOUJIANNEIWAIWENCHAYINGKONGZHIZAI25℃YINEI。
（2）ZAIJIAOZHUDATIJIHUNNINGTUSHIBIXUCAIQUXIALIEJISHUCUOSHI：
①XUANYONGSHUIHUAREDIDESHUINI，RUKUANGZHAGUISUANYANSHUINI、FENMEIHUIGUISUANYANSHUINIDENG。YEKEKAOLVZAIPUTONGGUISUANYANSHUINIZHONGCHANRUFENMEIHUIDENGCHANHELIAO，YIJIANGDISHUINISHUIHUARE；
②XUANZEHELIDESHA、SHIJIPEI，YANGEKONGZHIHANNILIANGYINGBUDAYU1.0% ；
③ZAIHUNNINGTUZHONGCHANRUYIDINGDEWAIJIAJI，JINLIANGJIANSHAOSHUINIYONGLIANG，JINGSHEJIDANWEITONGYI，KELIYONGHUNNINGTU60 dDEHOUQIQIANGDUZUOWEIHUNNINGTUDEQIANGDUPINGDING。
（3）LIEFENGCHULICUOSHI：
①JINGGUANCELIEFENGYIJINGWENDING，XIANJIANGLIEFENGQINGLIGANJING，YONGYALISHUICHONGXIBINGLIANGGAN；
②CAIYONGGUANJIANGFENGBICHULI，JIANGKAILIEDEHUNNINGTUZUHECHENGZHENGTI，HUIFUYUANYOUDEGONGNENG。